Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder that affects the large intestine (colon). It occurs when the bowel overreacts to a mild stimulus – such as eating or the presence of gas – by going into spasm (hence why it is also known as spastic colon). It is characterised by cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, diarrhoea and constipation.
IBS is extremely common, affecting as many as one in five people. It is most common in people in their 20s and 30s, and the condition affects more women than men.
Symptoms of IBS
The signs and symptoms of IBS can vary widely from person to person and often resemble those of other conditions. Among the most common are:
- Abdominal pain or cramping (often relieved after a bowel movement)
- Unusual bowel movements – intermittent diarrhoea, constipation, or alternating between both
- A bloated feeling
- Cramping or pain in the stomach area
- Gas
- Mucus in the stool
- Occasionally, heartburn, nausea and vomiting
It’s important to see a doctor if you experience any of the following symptoms, as they may indicate a more serious condition:
- Rectal bleeding
- Persistent or worsening abdominal pain, especially at night
- Unexplained weight loss
For most people, IBS is a chronic condition, although symptoms may come and go over time.
Causes of IBS
While the symptoms of IBS are well recognised, the exact cause is still unclear. In some cases, it may develop after a gastrointestinal infection. Other contributing factors may include diet, stress, hormones and genetics. Stress and depression are also known to trigger flare-ups.
Tips and Treatment for IBS
Because the causes of IBS are not fully understood, treatment typically focuses on managing symptoms. In many cases, mild symptoms can be controlled through stress management and changes to diet and lifestyle.
Dietary changes may include:
- Reducing high-gas foods such as carbonated drinks, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower and some raw fruits
- Eliminating gluten, as some people with IBS report improvement in symptoms when avoiding it
- Following a low FODMAP diet, which reduces certain carbohydrates found in grains, vegetables, fruits and dairy products
If symptoms are more severe, medical treatment may be required. In these cases, your doctor may recommend medication.
Get clinically effective treatment and advice for managing Irritable Bowel Syndrome through Spectrum Health’s IBS Clinic, where registered dietitians specialise in digestive health.
